1 \select@language {french}
2 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{9}{chapter.1}
3 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Les processeurs graphiques (GPU) NVidia\textregistered }{13}{chapter.2}
4 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Pourquoi ?}{13}{section.2.1}
5 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Comment ?}{14}{section.2.2}
6 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}Le mat\IeC {\'e}riel}{14}{subsection.2.2.1}
7 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}Le logiciel}{16}{subsection.2.2.2}
8 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.3}l'Occupancy}{17}{subsection.2.2.3}
9 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Le traitement des images bruit\IeC {\'e}es}{19}{chapter.3}
10 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Mod\IeC {\`e}le d'image bruit\IeC {\'e}e}{20}{section.3.1}
11 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Mod\IeC {\`e}les de bruit}{20}{section.3.2}
12 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Le bruit gaussien}{20}{subsection.3.2.1}
13 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}Le speckle}{21}{subsection.3.2.2}
14 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.3}Le bruit ``sel et poivre''}{21}{subsection.3.2.3}
15 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.4}Le bruit de Poisson}{21}{subsection.3.2.4}
16 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Les techniques de r\IeC {\'e}duction de bruit}{22}{section.3.3}
17 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.1}Les op\IeC {\'e}rateurs de base}{23}{subsection.3.3.1}
18 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.3.1.1}Le filtre de convolution}{23}{subsubsection.3.3.1.1}
19 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.3.1.2}Le filtre m\IeC {\'e}dian}{24}{subsubsection.3.3.1.2}
20 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.3.1.3}Le filtre bilat\IeC {\'e}ral}{24}{subsubsection.3.3.1.3}
21 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.3.1.4}Les algorithmes de filtrage par dictionnaire}{25}{subsubsection.3.3.1.4}
22 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.2}Les algorithmes de filtrage par patches}{25}{subsection.3.3.2}
23 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Les impl\IeC {\'e}mentations sur GPU des algorithmes de filtrage}{27}{section.3.4}
24 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.1}Le filtrage par convolution}{28}{subsection.3.4.1}
25 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.2}Le filtre m\IeC {\'e}dian}{28}{subsection.3.4.2}
26 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.3}Le filtre bilat\IeC {\'e}ral}{30}{subsection.3.4.3}
27 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.4}Les filtres par patches}{31}{subsection.3.4.4}
28 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.5}Les techniques de segmentation}{31}{section.3.5}
29 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.1}Analyse d'histogramme}{32}{subsection.3.5.1}
30 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.2}Partitionnement de graphe}{33}{subsection.3.5.2}
31 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.3}kernel-means, mean-shift et apparent\IeC {\'e}s}{35}{subsection.3.5.3}
32 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.4}Les contours actifs, ou \textit {snakes}}{37}{subsection.3.5.4}
33 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.5}M\IeC {\'e}thodes hybrides}{39}{subsection.3.5.5}
34 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.6}Les impl\IeC {\'e}mentations sur GPU des techniques de segmentation}{40}{section.3.6}
35 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.1}Calcul d'histogramme}{40}{subsection.3.6.1}
36 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.2}Partitionnement de graphe}{40}{subsection.3.6.2}
37 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.3}K-means, mean-shift et apparent\IeC {\'e}s}{42}{subsection.3.6.3}
38 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.4}Snakes et Level set}{43}{subsection.3.6.4}
39 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.5}Algorithmes hybrides}{46}{subsection.3.6.5}
40 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.7}Conclusion}{47}{section.3.7}
41 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}La segmentation par snake polygonal orient\IeC {\'e} r\IeC {\'e}gions}{49}{chapter.4}
42 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Pr\IeC {\'e}sentation de l'algorithme}{49}{section.4.1}
43 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.1}Formulation}{49}{subsection.4.1.1}
44 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.2}Optimisation des calculs}{50}{subsection.4.1.2}
45 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.3}Impl\IeC {\'e}mentation s\IeC {\'e}quentielle}{52}{subsection.4.1.3}
46 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.4}Performances}{53}{subsection.4.1.4}
47 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Impl\IeC {\'e}mentation parall\IeC {\`e}le GPU du snake polygonal}{56}{section.4.2}
48 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}pr\IeC {\'e}-calculs des images cumul\IeC {\'e}es}{56}{subsection.4.2.1}
49 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Calcul des contribution des segments}{57}{subsection.4.2.2}
50 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.2.1}Cas particulier des segments dont la pente $k$ v\IeC {\'e}rifie $|k|\leq 1$}{61}{subsubsection.4.2.2.1}
51 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}Performances}{61}{subsection.4.2.3}
52 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.4}Discussion sur l'initialisation}{63}{subsection.4.2.4}
53 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.5}Conclusion}{64}{subsection.4.2.5}
54 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}R\IeC {\'e}duction de bruit par recherche des lignes de niveaux}{71}{chapter.5}
55 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Pr\IeC {\'e}sentation de l'algorithme}{71}{section.5.1}
56 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1.1}Formulation}{71}{subsection.5.1.1}
57 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.1.1.1}Isolines \IeC {\`a} un seul segment}{72}{subsubsection.5.1.1.1}
58 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.1.1.2}Isolines compos\IeC {\'e}es de plusieurs segments - crit\IeC {\`e}re d'allongement}{73}{subsubsection.5.1.1.2}
59 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Impl\IeC {\'e}mentation parall\IeC {\`e}le}{75}{section.5.2}
60 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.1}Isolines \IeC {\'e}valu\IeC {\'e}es semi-globalement}{75}{subsection.5.2.1}
61 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.2}Isolines \IeC {\`a} segments pre-\IeC {\'e}valu\IeC {\'e}s - mod\IeC {\`e}le PI-PD}{76}{subsection.5.2.2}
62 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.3}Mod\IeC {\`e}le PI-PD hybride}{79}{subsection.5.2.3}
63 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.3.1}Le d\IeC {\'e}tecteur de zone \IeC {\`a} faible pente}{81}{subsubsection.5.2.3.1}
64 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}R\IeC {\'e}sultats}{83}{section.5.3}
65 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}Extension aux images couleurs}{85}{section.5.4}
66 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.1}Expression du crit\IeC {\`e}re}{85}{subsection.5.4.1}
67 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.2}R\IeC {\'e}sultats}{86}{subsection.5.4.2}
68 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.5}Conclusion}{88}{section.5.5}
69 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}Le filtre m\IeC {\'e}dian sur GPU}{93}{chapter.6}
70 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Introduction}{93}{section.6.1}
71 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}Les transferts de donn\IeC {\'e}es}{93}{section.6.2}
72 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}Utilisation des registres}{94}{section.6.3}
73 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.1}La s\IeC {\'e}lection de la valeur m\IeC {\'e}diane}{95}{subsection.6.3.1}
74 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.2}Masquage des latences}{96}{subsection.6.3.2}
75 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.4}R\IeC {\'e}sultats}{99}{section.6.4}
76 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.5}Conclusion}{101}{section.6.5}
77 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Les filtres de convolution sur GPU}{103}{chapter.7}
78 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Introduction}{103}{section.7.1}
79 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Impl\IeC {\'e}mentation g\IeC {\'e}n\IeC {\'e}rique de la convolution non s\IeC {\'e}parable}{103}{section.7.2}
80 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.3}Impl\IeC {\'e}mentation optimis\IeC {\'e}e de la convolution non s\IeC {\'e}parable}{105}{section.7.3}
81 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.4}Cas de la convolution s\IeC {\'e}parable}{108}{section.7.4}
82 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.5}Conclusion}{111}{section.7.5}
83 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {8}Conclusion g\IeC {\'e}n\IeC {\'e}rale}{113}{chapter.8}
