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+ defining Unicode char U+00D9 (decimal 217)
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+ defining Unicode char U+010D (decimal 269)
+ defining Unicode char U+010E (decimal 270)
+ defining Unicode char U+010F (decimal 271)
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+ defining Unicode char U+0119 (decimal 281)
+ defining Unicode char U+011A (decimal 282)
+ defining Unicode char U+011B (decimal 283)
+ defining Unicode char U+011E (decimal 286)
+ defining Unicode char U+011F (decimal 287)
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+ defining Unicode char U+0131 (decimal 305)
+ defining Unicode char U+0132 (decimal 306)
+ defining Unicode char U+0133 (decimal 307)
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+ defining Unicode char U+013D (decimal 317)
+ defining Unicode char U+013E (decimal 318)
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+\date{}
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+\begin{document}
+\title{UE MESI, Master IMR 2ème année.\\
+ Novembre 2012 (durée 1h). J.-F. Couchot,}
+
+\maketitle
+\vspace{-5em}
+\begin{tabular}{ll}
+Nom:& ........................................\\
+Prénom:& ........................................\\
+\end{tabular}
+
+
+On s'intéresse à résoudre une équation de la forme $f(x)=0$ par la
+méthode de Müller. Dans cette méthode, on considère que l'on
+a le triplet de points $(x_{n-2},x_{n-1},x_{n})$. Pour calculer
+$x_{n+1}$, on fait comme suit:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item \label{itm:1} on approche $f(x)$ par un polynôme $P(x)$ aux points
+ $(x_{n-2},x_{n-1},x_{n})$,
+\item\label{itm:2} on résout l'équation $P(x)=0$. La racine la plus proche de $x_n$ est $x_{n+1}$;
+\item on recommence avec le triplet $(x_{n-1},x_{n},x_{n+1})$\ldots
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Vos réponses seront données directement ci-dessous.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item En utilisant une base de Lagrange, montrer que le polynôme $P(x)$
+ obtenu à l'étape 1. de la première itération est défini par
+$$
+P(x) = \dfrac{(x-x_{n-1})(x-x_{n-2})f(x_n)}{(x_n-x_{n-1})(x_n-x_{n-2})} +
+\dfrac{(x-x_{n})(x-x_{n-2})f(x_{n-1})}{(x_{n-1}-x_{n})(x_{n-1}-x_{n-2})} +
+\dfrac{(x-x_{n})(x-x_{n-1})f(x_{n-2})}{(x_{n-2}-x_{n})(x_{n-2}-x_{n-1})}
+$$
+
+\vspace{4cm}
+
+\item Montrer que le polynôme de la question précédente est de degré 2.
+ Est-ce cohérent avec le fait qu'on veuille approximer $f$ en trois points?
+\vspace{4cm}
+
+\item Montrer que le polynôme de la première question peut s'écrire
+ sous la forme $P(x) = a_n x^2 + b_n x + c $ où
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+a_n & = & \dfrac{f(x_n)}{(x_n-x_{n-1})(x_n-x_{n-2})} +
+\dfrac{f(x_{n-1})}{(x_{n-1}-x_{n})(x_{n-1}-x_{n-2})} +
+\dfrac{f(x_{n-2})}{(x_{n-2}-x_{n})(x_{n-2}-x_{n-1})} \\
+b_n & = &-\dfrac{f(x_n)(x_{n-1}+x_{n-2})}{(x_n-x_{n-1})(x_n-x_{n-2})} -
+\dfrac{f(x_{n-1})(x_{n}+x_{n-2})}{(x_{n-1}-x_{n})(x_{n-1}-x_{n-2})} -
+\dfrac{f(x_{n-2})(x_{n}+x_{n-1})}{(x_{n-2}-x_{n})(x_{n-2}-x_{n-1})} \\
+c_n & = & \dfrac{f(x_n)x_{n-1}x_{n-2}}{(x_n-x_{n-1})(x_n-x_{n-2})} +
+\dfrac{f(x_{n-1})x_{n}x_{n-2}}{(x_{n-1}-x_{n})(x_{n-1}-x_{n-2})} +
+\dfrac{f(x_{n-2})x_{n}x_{n-1}}{(x_{n-2}-x_{n})(x_{n-2}-x_{n-1})}
+\end{eqnarray*}
+\vspace{8cm}
+
+
+\item Exprimer les deux racines $x'_{n}$ et $x''_{n}$ du polynôme précédent
+en fonctions de $a_n$, $b_n$ et $c_n$ lorsqu'on itère dans les réels.
+\vspace{3cm}
+
+\item Comment est alors défini $x_{n+1}$?
+\vspace{3cm}
+
+\item On pourrait montrer que l'ordre de la convergence est 1,84. Comparer cette vitesse de convergence avec celle de Newton et celle de Lagrange.
+\vspace{3cm}
+
+
+\item Donner le code Python de la fonction
+ $\verb+[n,X] = iteration_muller(x+_{\verb+0+},\verb+x+_{\verb+1+},\verb+x+_{\verb+2+}\verb+,m,epsilon,f)+$ où
+\begin{itemize}
+\item $\verb+x+_{\verb+0+}$, $\verb+x+_{\verb+1+}$ et $\verb+x+_{\verb+2+}$ sont les trois premières valeurs des itérés, \verb+m+
+ est le nombre maximal
+ d'itérations, \texttt{epsilon} est la précision souhaitée
+ et \verb+f+ la fonction à itérer;
+\item \verb+n+ est le nombre d'itérations réalisées pour que
+\verb+f(+$\verb+x+_{\verb+n+}$\verb+)+=0 ou que
+$|\verb+x+_{\verb+n+}- \verb+x+_{\verb+n-1+}| \leq \verb+epsilon+$, \verb+n+ étant inférieur à \verb+m+ et \verb+X+ est
+ le vecteur contenant les
+ valeurs $\verb+x+_{\verb+0+},\ldots,\verb+x+_{\verb+n+}$.
+\end{itemize}
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+\end{document}
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+ defining Unicode char U+00C6 (decimal 198)
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+ defining Unicode char U+00D4 (decimal 212)
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+ defining Unicode char U+00D6 (decimal 214)
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+ defining Unicode char U+00D9 (decimal 217)
+ defining Unicode char U+00DA (decimal 218)
+ defining Unicode char U+00DB (decimal 219)
+ defining Unicode char U+00DC (decimal 220)
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+ defining Unicode char U+00DE (decimal 222)
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+ defining Unicode char U+00E0 (decimal 224)
+ defining Unicode char U+00E1 (decimal 225)
+ defining Unicode char U+00E2 (decimal 226)
+ defining Unicode char U+00E3 (decimal 227)
+ defining Unicode char U+00E4 (decimal 228)
+ defining Unicode char U+00E5 (decimal 229)
+ defining Unicode char U+00E6 (decimal 230)
+ defining Unicode char U+00E7 (decimal 231)
+ defining Unicode char U+00E8 (decimal 232)
+ defining Unicode char U+00E9 (decimal 233)
+ defining Unicode char U+00EA (decimal 234)
+ defining Unicode char U+00EB (decimal 235)
+ defining Unicode char U+00EC (decimal 236)
+ defining Unicode char U+00ED (decimal 237)
+ defining Unicode char U+00EE (decimal 238)
+ defining Unicode char U+00EF (decimal 239)
+ defining Unicode char U+00F0 (decimal 240)
+ defining Unicode char U+00F1 (decimal 241)
+ defining Unicode char U+00F2 (decimal 242)
+ defining Unicode char U+00F3 (decimal 243)
+ defining Unicode char U+00F4 (decimal 244)
+ defining Unicode char U+00F5 (decimal 245)
+ defining Unicode char U+00F6 (decimal 246)
+ defining Unicode char U+00F8 (decimal 248)
+ defining Unicode char U+00F9 (decimal 249)
+ defining Unicode char U+00FA (decimal 250)
+ defining Unicode char U+00FB (decimal 251)
+ defining Unicode char U+00FC (decimal 252)
+ defining Unicode char U+00FD (decimal 253)
+ defining Unicode char U+00FE (decimal 254)
+ defining Unicode char U+00FF (decimal 255)
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+ defining Unicode char U+0103 (decimal 259)
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+ defining Unicode char U+0105 (decimal 261)
+ defining Unicode char U+0106 (decimal 262)
+ defining Unicode char U+0107 (decimal 263)
+ defining Unicode char U+010C (decimal 268)
+ defining Unicode char U+010D (decimal 269)
+ defining Unicode char U+010E (decimal 270)
+ defining Unicode char U+010F (decimal 271)
+ defining Unicode char U+0110 (decimal 272)
+ defining Unicode char U+0111 (decimal 273)
+ defining Unicode char U+0118 (decimal 280)
+ defining Unicode char U+0119 (decimal 281)
+ defining Unicode char U+011A (decimal 282)
+ defining Unicode char U+011B (decimal 283)
+ defining Unicode char U+011E (decimal 286)
+ defining Unicode char U+011F (decimal 287)
+ defining Unicode char U+0130 (decimal 304)
+ defining Unicode char U+0131 (decimal 305)
+ defining Unicode char U+0132 (decimal 306)
+ defining Unicode char U+0133 (decimal 307)
+ defining Unicode char U+0139 (decimal 313)
+ defining Unicode char U+013A (decimal 314)
+ defining Unicode char U+013D (decimal 317)
+ defining Unicode char U+013E (decimal 318)
+ defining Unicode char U+0141 (decimal 321)
+ defining Unicode char U+0142 (decimal 322)
+ defining Unicode char U+0143 (decimal 323)
+ defining Unicode char U+0144 (decimal 324)
+ defining Unicode char U+0147 (decimal 327)
+ defining Unicode char U+0148 (decimal 328)
+ defining Unicode char U+014A (decimal 330)
+ defining Unicode char U+014B (decimal 331)
+ defining Unicode char U+0150 (decimal 336)
+ defining Unicode char U+0151 (decimal 337)
+ defining Unicode char U+0152 (decimal 338)
+ defining Unicode char U+0153 (decimal 339)
+ defining Unicode char U+0154 (decimal 340)
+ defining Unicode char U+0155 (decimal 341)
+ defining Unicode char U+0158 (decimal 344)
+ defining Unicode char U+0159 (decimal 345)
+ defining Unicode char U+015A (decimal 346)
+ defining Unicode char U+015B (decimal 347)
+ defining Unicode char U+015E (decimal 350)
+ defining Unicode char U+015F (decimal 351)
+ defining Unicode char U+0160 (decimal 352)
+ defining Unicode char U+0161 (decimal 353)
+ defining Unicode char U+0162 (decimal 354)
+ defining Unicode char U+0163 (decimal 355)
+ defining Unicode char U+0164 (decimal 356)
+ defining Unicode char U+0165 (decimal 357)
+ defining Unicode char U+016E (decimal 366)
+ defining Unicode char U+016F (decimal 367)
+ defining Unicode char U+0170 (decimal 368)
+ defining Unicode char U+0171 (decimal 369)
+ defining Unicode char U+0178 (decimal 376)
+ defining Unicode char U+0179 (decimal 377)
+ defining Unicode char U+017A (decimal 378)
+ defining Unicode char U+017B (decimal 379)
+ defining Unicode char U+017C (decimal 380)
+ defining Unicode char U+017D (decimal 381)
+ defining Unicode char U+017E (decimal 382)
+ defining Unicode char U+200C (decimal 8204)
+ defining Unicode char U+2013 (decimal 8211)
+ defining Unicode char U+2014 (decimal 8212)
+ defining Unicode char U+2018 (decimal 8216)
+ defining Unicode char U+2019 (decimal 8217)
+ defining Unicode char U+201A (decimal 8218)
+ defining Unicode char U+201C (decimal 8220)
+ defining Unicode char U+201D (decimal 8221)
+ defining Unicode char U+201E (decimal 8222)
+ defining Unicode char U+2030 (decimal 8240)
+ defining Unicode char U+2031 (decimal 8241)
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+ defining Unicode char U+00EF (decimal 239)
+ defining Unicode char U+00F8 (decimal 248)
+ defining Unicode char U+0131 (decimal 305)
+ defining Unicode char U+0141 (decimal 321)
+ defining Unicode char U+0142 (decimal 322)
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+ defining Unicode char U+0153 (decimal 339)
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+ defining Unicode char U+2014 (decimal 8212)
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+ defining Unicode char U+00AE (decimal 174)
+ defining Unicode char U+00BA (decimal 186)
+ defining Unicode char U+02C6 (decimal 710)
+ defining Unicode char U+02DC (decimal 732)
+ defining Unicode char U+200C (decimal 8204)
+ defining Unicode char U+2026 (decimal 8230)
+ defining Unicode char U+2122 (decimal 8482)
+ defining Unicode char U+2423 (decimal 9251)
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--- /dev/null
+\documentclass[10pt,a4paper,french]{article}
+\usepackage[francais]{babel}
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\usepackage{a4}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{amsfonts}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{framed}
+\usepackage{dsfont}
+\usepackage[amsmath,thmmarks,thref,framed]{ntheorem}
+\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
+\usepackage{epsfig}
+\usepackage{calc}
+\usepackage{tabls}
+\usepackage{times}
+\usepackage{multicol}
+\usepackage{tabularx}
+\usepackage{textcomp}
+
+\usepackage{pst-all}
+
+\usepackage[a4paper]{geometry}
+
+
+\date{}
+\geometry{hmargin=1cm, tmargin=1cm,bmargin=1.5cm}
+\begin{document}
+\title{UE MESI, Master IMR 2ème année.\\
+ Novembre 2013 (durée 45 mn). J.-F. Couchot,}
+
+\maketitle
+\vspace{-5em}
+% \begin{tabular}{ll}
+% Nom:& ........................................\\
+% Prénom:& ........................................\\
+% \end{tabular}
+
+
+\begin{minipage}{0.6\textwidth}
+
+On cherche à résoudre une équation de la forme $f(x)=0$ par la
+méthode de la fausse position.
+Cette méthode commence par deux points $a_0$ et $b_0$
+tels que $f(a_0)$ et $f(b_0)$ sont de signes opposés.
+Comme la fonction $f$ est continue, elle possède au moins une racine
+dans l’intervalle $[a_0, b_0]$.
+
+Dans cette méthode, on considère que l'on
+a l'intervalle $[a_n,b_n]$. Pour calculer
+$[a_{n+1},b_{n+1}]$, on fait comme suit:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item \label{itm:1} on construit la droite $(D_n)$ qui passe par les points
+$(a_n,f(a_n))$ et $(b_n,f(b_n))$;
+\item\label{itm:2} on construit $X(x_n,0)$ le point d'intersection entre
+ la droite $(D_n)$ et l'axe de $x$;
+\item si $f(a_n)f(x_n)\leq 0$, alors $a_{n+1} = a_{n}$ et $b_{n+1}=x_n$;
+\item si $f(a_n)f(x_n)> 0$, alors $a_{n+1} = x_{n}$ et $b_{n+1}=b_n$.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+\end{minipage}
+\begin{minipage}{0.35\textwidth}
+%\begin{figure}
+%\includegraphics[width=0.99\textwidth]{Regula_falsi_method.png}
+\includegraphics[width=0.99\textwidth]{False_position_method}
+%\caption{Deux itérations de la méthode de la fausse postion.}\label{fig:iter}
+%\end{figure}
+\end{minipage}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Vos réponses seront données directement ci-dessous.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item (2pts) Montrer que l'équation de la droite $(D_n)$ est
+$y - f(b_n) = \frac{f(b_n)-f(a_n)}{b_n-a_n} (x-b_n)$.
+
+\vspace{4cm}
+
+\item (2pts) Montrer que le nombre $x_n$ est donné par l'équation
+$x_n = a_n - \frac{a_n-b_n}{f(a_n)-f(b_n)} f(a_n)$.
+
+\vspace{4cm}
+
+
+\item (2pts) En moyenne, l'ordre de cette méthode est 1,618.
+ Comparer cet ordre avec celui des autres méthodes du cours.
+\vspace{4cm}
+
+\item (5pts) Quelle partie de cette méthode est commune avec la
+ méthode par dichotomie? Est-elle toujours plus efficace?
+ Comparer les approches par exemple
+ sur l'intervalle $[-1,1]$ avec fonction $f$ définie sur $\mathds{R}$ par
+ $f(x)= 2x^3-4x^2+3x$.
+\vspace{6cm}
+
+\item (4pts) Quelle partie de cette méthode est commune avec la méthode de Lagrange?
+Est-ce la même méthode? Si ce n'est pas le cas, Expliquer ce qui diffère.
+\vspace{4cm}
+
+
+\item (5pts) Donner le code d'un programme qui implanterait cette méthode.
+
+\vspace{4cm}
+
+
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+
+
+
+\end{document}
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null
+\documentclass[10pt,a4paper,french]{article}
+\usepackage[francais]{babel}
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\usepackage{a4}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{amsfonts}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{framed}
+\usepackage{dsfont}
+\usepackage[amsmath,thmmarks,thref,framed]{ntheorem}
+\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
+\usepackage{epsfig}
+\usepackage{calc}
+\usepackage{tabls}
+\usepackage{times}
+\usepackage{multicol}
+\usepackage{tabularx}
+\usepackage{textcomp}
+
+\usepackage{pst-all}
+
+\usepackage[a4paper]{geometry}
+
+
+\date{}
+\geometry{hmargin=1cm, tmargin=1cm,bmargin=1.5cm}
+\begin{document}
+\title{UE MESI, Master IMR 2ème année.\\
+ Novembre 2013 (durée 45 mn). J.-F. Couchot,}
+
+\maketitle
+\vspace{-5em}
+% \begin{tabular}{ll}
+% Nom:& ........................................\\
+% Prénom:& ........................................\\
+% \end{tabular}
+
+
+\begin{minipage}{0.6\textwidth}
+
+On cherche à résoudre une équation de la forme $f(x)=0$ par la
+méthode de la fausse position.
+Cette méthode commence par deux points $a_0$ et $b_0$
+tels que $f(a_0)$ et $f(b_0)$ sont de signes opposés.
+Comme la fonction $f$ est continue, elle possède au moins une racine
+dans l’intervalle $[a_0, b_0]$.
+
+Dans cette méthode, on considère que l'on
+a l'intervalle $[a_n,b_n]$. Pour calculer
+$[a_{n+1},b_{n+1}]$, on fait comme suit:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item \label{itm:1} on construit la droite $(D_n)$ qui passe par les points
+$(a_n,f(a_n))$ et $(b_n,f(b_n))$;
+\item\label{itm:2} on construit $X(x_n,0)$ le point d'intersection entre
+ la droite $(D_n)$ et l'axe de $x$;
+\item si $f(a_n)f(x_n)\leq 0$, alors $a_{n+1} = a_{n}$ et $b_{n+1}=x_n$;
+\item si $f(a_n)f(x_n)> 0$, alors $a_{n+1} = x_{n}$ et $b_{n+1}=b_n$.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+\end{minipage}
+\begin{minipage}{0.35\textwidth}
+%\begin{figure}
+%\includegraphics[width=0.99\textwidth]{Regula_falsi_method.png}
+\includegraphics[width=0.99\textwidth]{False_position_method}
+%\caption{Deux itérations de la méthode de la fausse postion.}\label{fig:iter}
+%\end{figure}
+\end{minipage}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Vos réponses seront données directement ci-dessous.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item (2pts) Montrer que l'équation de la droite $(D_n)$ est
+$y - f(b_n) = \frac{f(b_n)-f(a_n)}{b_n-a_n} (x-b_n)$.
+
+\vspace{4cm}
+
+\item (2pts) Montrer que le nombre $x_n$ est donné par l'équation
+$x_n = a_n - \frac{a_n-b_n}{f(a_n)-f(b_n)} f(a_n)$.
+
+\vspace{4cm}
+
+
+\item (2pts) En moyenne, l'ordre de cette méthode est 1,618.
+ Comparer cet ordre avec celui des autres methodes du cours.
+\vspace{4cm}
+
+\item (5pts) Quelle partie de cette méthode est commune avec la
+ méthode par dichotomie? Est-elle toujours plus efficace?
+ Comparer les approches par exemple
+ sur l'intervalle $[-1,1]$ avec fonction $f$ définie sur $\mathds{R}$ par
+ $f(x)= 2x^3-4x^2+3x$.
+\vspace{6cm}
+
+\item (4pts) Quelle partie de cette méthode est commune avec la méthode de Lagrange?
+Est-ce la même méthode? Si ce n'est pas le cas, Expliquer ce qui difère.
+\vspace{4cm}
+
+
+\item (5pts) Donner le code d'un programme qui implanterait cette méthode.
+
+\vspace{4cm}
+
+
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+
+
+
+\end{document}
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null
+\documentclass[10pt,a4paper,french]{article}
+\usepackage[francais]{babel}
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\usepackage{a4}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{amsfonts}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{framed}
+\usepackage{dsfont}
+\usepackage[amsmath,thmmarks,thref,framed]{ntheorem}
+\usepackage[dvips]{graphics}
+\usepackage{epsfig}
+\usepackage{calc}
+\usepackage{tabls}
+\usepackage{slashbox}
+\usepackage{times}
+\usepackage{multicol}
+\usepackage{tabularx}
+\usepackage{textcomp}
+
+\usepackage{pst-all}
+
+\usepackage[a4paper]{geometry}
+
+
+\date{}
+\geometry{hmargin=1cm, tmargin=1cm,bmargin=1.5cm}
+\begin{document}
+\title{UE MESI, Master IMR 2ème année.\\
+ Novembre 2012 (durée 1h). J.-F. Couchot,}
+
+\maketitle
+\vspace{-5em}
+\begin{tabular}{ll}
+Nom:& ........................................\\
+Prénom:& ........................................\\
+\end{tabular}
+
+
+On s'intéresse à résoudre une équation de la forme $f(x)=0$ par la
+méthode de Müller. Dans cette méthode, on considère que l'on
+a le triplet de points $(x_{n-2},x_{n-1},x_{n})$. Pour calculer
+$x_{n+1}$, on fait comme suit:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item \label{itm:1} on approche $f(x)$ par un polynôme $P(x)$ aux points
+ $(x_{n-2},x_{n-1},x_{n})$,
+\item\label{itm:2} on résout l'équation $P(x)=0$. La racine la plus proche de $x_n$ est $x_{n+1}$;
+\item on recommence avec le triplet $(x_{n-1},x_{n},x_{n+1})$\ldots
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Vos réponses seront données directement ci-dessous.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item En utilisant une base de Lagrange, montrer que le polynôme $P(x)$
+ obtenu à l'étape 1. de la première itération est défini par
+$$
+P(x) = \dfrac{(x-x_{n-1})(x-x_{n-2})f(x_n)}{(x_n-x_{n-1})(x_n-x_{n-2})} +
+\dfrac{(x-x_{n})(x-x_{n-2})f(x_{n-1})}{(x_{n-1}-x_{n})(x_{n-1}-x_{n-2})} +
+\dfrac{(x-x_{n})(x-x_{n-1})f(x_{n-2})}{(x_{n-2}-x_{n})(x_{n-2}-x_{n-1})}
+$$
+
+\vspace{4cm}
+
+\item Montrer que le polynôme de la question précédente est de degré 2.
+ Est-ce cohérent avec le fait qu'on veuille approximer $f$ en trois points?
+\vspace{4cm}
+
+\item Montrer que le polynôme de la première question peut s'écrire
+ sous la forme $P(x) = a_n x^2 + b_n x + c $ où
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+a_n & = & \dfrac{f(x_n)}{(x_n-x_{n-1})(x_n-x_{n-2})} +
+\dfrac{f(x_{n-1})}{(x_{n-1}-x_{n})(x_{n-1}-x_{n-2})} +
+\dfrac{f(x_{n-2})}{(x_{n-2}-x_{n})(x_{n-2}-x_{n-1})} \\
+b_n & = &-\dfrac{f(x_n)(x_{n-1}+x_{n-2})}{(x_n-x_{n-1})(x_n-x_{n-2})} -
+\dfrac{f(x_{n-1})(x_{n}+x_{n-2})}{(x_{n-1}-x_{n})(x_{n-1}-x_{n-2})} -
+\dfrac{f(x_{n-2})(x_{n}+x_{n-1})}{(x_{n-2}-x_{n})(x_{n-2}-x_{n-1})} \\
+c_n & = & \dfrac{f(x_n)x_{n-1}x_{n-2}}{(x_n-x_{n-1})(x_n-x_{n-2})} +
+\dfrac{f(x_{n-1})x_{n}x_{n-2}}{(x_{n-1}-x_{n})(x_{n-1}-x_{n-2})} +
+\dfrac{f(x_{n-2})x_{n}x_{n-1}}{(x_{n-2}-x_{n})(x_{n-2}-x_{n-1})}
+\end{eqnarray*}
+\vspace{8cm}
+
+
+\item Exprimer les deux racines $x'_{n}$ et $x''_{n}$ du polynôme précédent
+en fonctions de $a_n$, $b_n$ et $c_n$ lorsqu'on itère dans les réels.
+\vspace{3cm}
+
+\item Comment est alors défini $x_{n+1}$?
+\vspace{3cm}
+
+\item On pourrait montrer que l'ordre de la convergence est 1,84. Comparer cette vitesse de convergence avec celle de Newton et celle de Lagrange.
+\vspace{3cm}
+
+
+\item Donner le code Python de la fonction
+ $\verb+[n,X] = iteration_muller(x+_{\verb+0+},\verb+x+_{\verb+1+},\verb+x+_{\verb+2+}\verb+,m,epsilon,f)+$ où
+\begin{itemize}
+\item $\verb+x+_{\verb+0+}$, $\verb+x+_{\verb+1+}$ et $\verb+x+_{\verb+2+}$ sont les trois premières valeurs des itérés, \verb+m+
+ est le nombre maximal
+ d'itérations, \texttt{epsilon} est la précision souhaitée
+ et \verb+f+ la fonction à itérer;
+\item \verb+n+ est le nombre d'itérations réalisées pour que
+\verb+f(+$\verb+x+_{\verb+n+}$\verb+)+=0 ou que
+$|\verb+x+_{\verb+n+}- \verb+x+_{\verb+n-1+}| \leq \verb+epsilon+$, \verb+n+ étant inférieur à \verb+m+ et \verb+X+ est
+ le vecteur contenant les
+ valeurs $\verb+x+_{\verb+0+},\ldots,\verb+x+_{\verb+n+}$.
+\end{itemize}
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+\end{document}
\ No newline at end of file